Anxiety is often viewed as a personal struggle—an internal storm of worry, fear, and overthinking. But what many people don’t realize is that...
The Hidden Ways Anxiety Destroys Your Interpersonal Relationships
Anxiety is often viewed as a personal struggle—an internal storm of worry, fear, and overthinking. But what many people don’t realize is that anxiety doesn’t stay confined within the mind of the person experiencing it. It spills over, subtly and sometimes destructively, into their relationships with others. Whether it’s with a partner, friend, family member, or colleague, anxiety can quietly erode the foundation of trust, communication, and emotional safety that relationships depend on.
In this article, I will delve into the hidden ways anxiety can damage interpersonal relationships, often without either party fully understanding what’s happening. By bringing these patterns to light, I will address them with compassion, awareness, and healthier coping strategies.
- Overthinking and Misinterpretation
One of the most insidious effects of anxiety is the tendency to overanalyze interactions. A simple text message with a period at the end might be interpreted as anger. A delayed response can cause an anxious person to spiral into fears of abandonment. This hypervigilance leads to misinterpretations that create unnecessary tension for everyone involved: the anxious person and their significant other.
When someone with anxiety constantly questions the motives, tone, or intentions of others, it can lead to accusations, defensiveness, or withdrawal. Over time, this erodes trust and makes open communication difficult.
Example: A friend cancels plans last minute. Instead of accepting the explanation, the anxious person might ruminate: “Did I do something wrong? Are they avoiding me? Do they even like me anymore?” These thoughts can lead to passive-aggressive behavior or emotional distancing.
The bottom line is that people need other people, and relationships are predicated on trust. Anxious people often have huge issues with trust because of their anxious attachment style, and, over time, through no fault of their own, this inherent mistrust can destroy an interpersonal relationship.
- Need for Constant Reassurance
Anxiety often drives people to seek reassurance to calm their fears. While occasional reassurance is normal in any relationship, chronic reassurance-seeking can become exhausting for the other person. For the non-anxious person, it can quickly escalate from a mild annoyance to feeling outright hostility, and that may make a relationship with the anxious person intolerable.
This might look like
- Frequently asking, “Are you mad at me?”
- Needing repeated affirmations of love or loyalty
- Doubting compliments or positive feedback
Over time, this dynamic can create an imbalance where one person feels responsible for managing the other’s emotional state, leading to resentment or emotional burnout.
- Avoidance of Conflict
Many people with anxiety fear confrontation because it triggers intense discomfort. As a result, they may avoid addressing issues, suppress their needs, or agree to things they don’t want to do just to keep the peace. This can be interpreted by the non-anxious person as passive-aggressive behavior and cause people to turn away from their anxious friends.
While this might seem like a way to maintain harmony, it often leads to unspoken resentment, unmet needs, and emotional distance. Avoiding conflict doesn’t make problems disappear—it just buries them until they resurface in more damaging ways.
- Control and Perfectionism
Anxiety thrives on control because an anxiety-prone person has to keep their world well-ordered to feel safe. People who are anxious often can not tolerate ambiguity or emotional disorder. When someone feels internally chaotic, they may try to control their external environment, including other people, to feel safer. This can manifest as micromanaging, setting rigid expectations, or becoming overly critical.
In relationships, this can feel suffocating. The partner or friend may feel like they’re walking on eggshells, constantly trying to meet impossible standards. This dynamic can stifle authenticity and spontaneity, replacing connection with performance.
- Emotional Reactivity
Anxiety can heighten emotional sensitivity, making small issues feel overwhelming. A minor disagreement might trigger a disproportionate emotional response—tears, anger, or withdrawal—because it taps into deeper fears of rejection or inadequacy.
This emotional volatility can make relationships feel unstable for all involved, and this was certainly the case for my husband as I was trying to keep everything in control. He often felt like he was walking on eggshells, which put him in a constant state of having to brace for the next emotional storm, which ultimately led him to emotionally distance himself from me as a way to keep himself safe from my inner turmoil.
- Hyper-Independence or Clinginess
Anxiety can push people to opposite extremes in how they relate to others. Some become hyper-independent, fearing vulnerability or rejection, and avoid relying on others altogether. Others become overly dependent, clinging to relationships for a sense of safety and identity. Both extremes can strain relationships. Hyper-independence can make others feel shut out or unneeded, while clinginess can feel overwhelming and suffocating.
- Negative Self-Talk and Projection
People with anxiety often struggle with negative self-perceptions: “I’m not good enough,” “I’m a burden,” and “They’ll leave me eventually.” These beliefs can be projected onto others, leading to assumptions that others see them the same way.
This projection can create a self-fulfilling prophecy. If someone believes they’re unlovable, they may act in ways that push others away, then interpret the distance as proof of their unworthiness.
- Difficulty Being Present
Anxiety pulls people into the future or keeps them tethered to the past —worrying about what might happen, what could go wrong, or how they’ll be perceived. This makes it hard to be fully present in the moment, which is essential for deep connection.
In conversations, this might look like distractedness, difficulty listening, or being preoccupied with internal thoughts. Over time, this can make others feel unseen or unimportant. As hard as it is on the anxious person, it can be equally difficult for the non-anxious person because it can feel like trying to have a relationship with a ghost.
- Fear of Vulnerability
True intimacy requires vulnerability—sharing fears, dreams, insecurities, and desires. But for someone with anxiety, vulnerability feels dangerous. They may fear judgment, rejection, or being misunderstood. They may fear being abandoned by their non-anxious friend. They may both desire emotional intimacy while being terribly afraid of it at the same time, and this kind of ambiguity causes even more anxiety for them because they are thrust into a no-win situation, which causes fear and becomes a vicious cycle of anxious rumination.
As a result, they may keep others at arm’s length, only showing a curated version of themselves. This limits the depth of connection and can leave both people feeling lonely, even in close relationships.
- Sabotaging Healthy Relationships
Ironically, anxiety can cause people to sabotage the very relationships they value and crave the most. When things are going well, the anxious mind might whisper, “This is too good to be true,” or “They’ll leave eventually.” This fear can cause them to test the relationship, pick fights, or withdraw emotionally—all in an unconscious attempt to protect themself from future pain. Unfortunately, these behaviors often create the very outcomes the person fears.
Healing the Impact of Anxiety on Relationships
The good news is that awareness is the first step toward change. Here are some ways to begin healing the impact of anxiety on your relationships:
- Practice Self-Awareness
Notice your anxious thoughts and how they influence your behavior. Journaling, mindfulness, or therapy can help you identify patterns and triggers. When you become aware of a dysfunctional behavior because of your anxiety, challenge it and ask yourself what you are afraid of in that particular moment. Is it a realistic fear? Can you ask for feedback from the other person about what they are saying or the behavior they are displaying? This will help you gauge their intent.
- Communicate Openly
Let others know when you’re feeling anxious and how it might be affecting your behavior. Honest communication builds trust and reduces misunderstandings. This may be very difficult because it requires vulnerability, but openness in communication is the best way to build trust with another person.
- Challenge Anxious Thoughts
Ask yourself, “Is this thought based on evidence or fear?” Learning to question and reframe anxious thinking can reduce its power over your actions.
- Develop Coping Strategies
Breathing exercises, grounding techniques, and regular self-care can help regulate your nervous system and reduce emotional reactivity. Practicing mindfulness is one of the best tools against anxiety because it keeps you solidly rooted in the present moment.
- Seek Professional Support
Therapists, especially those trained in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), can provide tools to manage anxiety and improve relational patterns. I also teach anxiety reduction strategies.
Final Thoughts
Anxiety doesn’t make someone a bad partner, friend, or family member. It simply means they’re carrying a heavy emotional load that sometimes spills into their relationships. With compassion, self-awareness, and support, it’s entirely possible to build strong, healthy connections—even with anxiety in the mix.
Understanding how anxiety operates in relationships is not about blame—it’s about empowerment. When we recognize the hidden ways anxiety affects our interactions, we can begin to show up more fully, love more deeply, and connect more authentically.
© D’vorah Elias 2025